Essay on Crito by Plato - 869 Words

Crito By Plato nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Platos Crito takes place after Socrates is condemned to death and sitting in his jail cell. Crito is Socrates good friend and has come to visit Socrates in the hopes of convincing his old friend to escape. But Socrates logically refutes Critos argument. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Crito begins his argument by bringing bad news to Socrates, relating to him that the ship from Delos is approaching and, with it, the hour of his mandated death. Socrates seems resigned to his fated death, but Crito attempts to persuade him to allow his friends to help him escape prison and flee Athens. Crito fears that others will begin to criticize Socrates disciples for not†¦show more content†¦He goes on to say that he does not believe in consciously doing wrong to others as a means of retaliation and that it would indeed undermine his whole lifes work. Socrates does not blame the laws which sentenced him, but the people. He goes on to tell Crito that the law has already given him a long and successful life. He explains that he actually owes the city much for his life. He believes that he has a contract with Athens, which would be broken, if he dodged his death. It was under the citys laws that his parents were married and he was born. Then the l aws allowed him to get educated. In acknowledgement to all that the city has done for him, he must sacrifice his life as an example of obedience to the law. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Also, Socrates refuses to allow the trite motive of retaliation dictate his behavior, since he believes that revenge is immoral. He goes on to ask Crito what good would a society be with laws if anyone could simply ignore them when the outcome does not suit them. Instead, he attests that logical argument and persuasion should be the defense of the accused. And, furthermore, since he is unable to convince those who ruled against him, he believes he has no alternative but to obey their sentence. Otherwise, although escape would be easy, it would only corrupt an already corrupt system further. In the end, Socrates manages to convince Crito that escape would not be right or just, and Crito agrees.Show MoreRelatedSummary Of Crito By Plato846 Words   |  4 Pages In â€Å"Crito† by Plato, Socrates faces a difficult dilemma. Socrates has been wrongfully charged of impiety and corrupting the children and is approached with an offer from his close friend Crito who says he will help Socrates escape and give him a nice place to live away from Athens where he can flee from a wrongful execution. Socrates should stay in prison and face his execution in order to prove he is innocent. Socrates wants to do no wrong at all and comes to the conclusion that escaping wouldRead MorePlato s Apology And Crito983 Words   |  4 Pagesthat have marked the history of humanity on earth. In the following written works, Plato’s Apology and Crito, The Gospel According to Mark, and Dante’s Inferno, religion and politics are shown to be intertwined, which emphasizes the impact of each individual character in each written work. Also, these written works explain how politics are affected by religion and vice versa. Plato’s Apology and Crito are plays that explain how Socrates, who was considered an honored and the wisest man in all of AthensRead MoreAnalysis Of Plato s Apology And Crito Essay1857 Words   |  8 Pages Final Paper The word â€Å"philosophy† can be defined as someone’s theory as to how one should live their life. For Socrates, in Plato’s Apology and Crito, the concept of the human soul drives the actions in which he lives his life. His view of the purpose for one’s actions differs from that of his fellow Athenians, who viewed physical pleasures – money, status, power – as the most important objectives in life. Within his own argument to the Athenian jury against the importance of bodily pleasuresRead MorePlato s Apology And Crito976 Words   |  4 Pagesthat have marked the history of humanity in earth. In the following written works, Plato’s apology and Crito, The gospel according to Mark and Date’s inferno, in each of these work religion and politics are intertwined to show the impact of these in each character in each written work. Also, these written works explain how politics is affected by religion and vise versa. In Plato’s Apology and Crito are two consecutive plays that explain how Socrates, which was considered an honored and the most wiseRead MoreAnalysis Of Plato s The Crito 980 Words   |  4 PagesTitle In Plato’s work, The Crito, he explores one of the last day of Socrates’ life as he is found sleeping in a prison cell by one of his closes friends, Crito. Crito is emotionally crippled at the thought of the loss of his friend, and is passionately trying to convince him to escape or run away and avoid his future death set by the court. As stubborn as Socrates is, he believes for many reasons that escaping is neither the just or devout thing to do in his situation. He provides many points andRead MorePlato s Apology And Crito977 Words   |  4 Pageshave marked the history of humanity on earth. In the following written works, Plato’s apology and Crito, The gospel according to Mark and Date’s Inferno, in each of these works religion and politics are intertwined to show the impact of these in each character in each written work. Also, these written works explain how politics are affected by religion and vice versa. In Plato’s Apology and Crito, are two consecutive plays that explain how Socrates, which was considered an honored and the wisestRead MoreSocrates s Argument On Plato s Crito 2097 Words   |  9 PagesPlato’s Crito In this essay, I aim to prove that Socrates’s committed just act by examine surrendering his life. To do this, I will examine the arguments made by Plato to convince Socrates to escape from prison, as well as evaluating Socrates’s arguments against escaping from prison, while arguing that Socrates’s arguments were stronger. I will start by examining Plato’s arguments, and then move into Socrates’s arguments, while pointing out the strengths and weaknesses of both. I will touch onRead MorePlato s Crito, The Law Of Athens Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pages1). In Plato’s Crito , the Laws of Athens offers many reasons why Socrates should not escape. If he was to escape he would be disobeying in three ways, one to his parents, two to those who have brought him up and three which is his agreement with his city. He should instead honor the laws more than honoring his parents because in theory the city that he is living, has raised shaped him to b e who he is. â€Å" We have given you birth, nurtured you, educateD you, we have given you and all other citizensRead MoreWhat is the purpose of the ‚Äà ²speech of the laws‚Äà ´, in Plato‚Äà ´s Crito? How is it related to Crito‚Äà ´s political opinions and preferences as expressed in this dialogue?2082 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿PH207 Patrick McKeon 11339276 Amos Edelheit What is the purpose of the ‘speech of the laws’, in Plato’s Crito? How is it related to Crito’s political opinions and preferences as expressed in this dialogue? Introduction In the following essay I will be discussing the purpose of the speech of laws in Plato’s Crito. I will also be discussing its relation to Crito’s political opinions and preferences as expressed in the dialogue. I will be focussing on the purpose of the speech of laws. In myRead MoreComparing Plato Five Dialogues Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo By John M. Cooper1009 Words   |  5 Pagesthat exist in the world. While this exist in the world some of the things that bring people the most happiness in life is achieving a good education, treating others equally, and loving those around them. An example of this within Plato Five Dialogues Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo by John M. Cooper is the following. â€Å"Men of Athens, I am grateful and I am your friend, but I will obey the god rather than you, and as long as I draw breath and am able, I shall not cease to practice philosophy

Religion vs. Morality in Light in August - 1164 Words

â€Å"Let us with caution indulge the supposition that morality can be maintained without religion. Reason and experience both forbid us to expect that national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principle.† George Washington According to George Washington, morality can only be maintained or exist when religion is there to guide it. While this may seem like a simple concept to understand, matters of religion and morality are more complex. Many religions have value systems regarding virtues and morals that are meant to guide their followers in determining between right and wrong; however, just because a person is religious does not necessarily mean they are moral and just because a person is moral does not necessarily†¦show more content†¦McEachern is described as being an extremely devout Presbyterian. According to the narrator even though â€Å"there were churches nearby [†¦] the Presbyterian church was five miles away; it would take an hour to drive it† (Faulkner, 147). This exemplifies the extremity of McEachern’s dedication based on his willingness to travel for the purpose of his religious faith. Additionally, Faulkner first uses the â€Å"enormous† size of McEacher n’s Bible as a physical representation of his religiosity (Faulkner, 146). Faulkner characterizes McEachern as man who governs his life and actions by the tenets of his faith: McEachern began to pray. He prayed for a long time, his voice droning, soporific, monotonous. He asked that he be forgiven for the trespass against the Sabbath and for lifting his hand against a child, an orphan, who was dear to God. He asked that the child’s stubborn heart be softened and that the sin of disobedience be forgiven him also, through the advocacy of the man whom he had flouted and disobeyed, requesting that Almighty be a s magnanimous as himself, and by and through and because of conscious grace. (Faulker, 152) Because McEachern lives his life by the strict standards and requirements dictated in his religion, he believes in using whatever means are necessary to maintain and uphold his religious values and virtues, even violence. Faulkner depictsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Friedrich Nietzsche1595 Words   |  7 PagesFriedrich Nietzsche was born near Rocken a small town in the Prussian province of Saxony, on October 15, 1844. Ironically the philosopher who rejected religion and coined the phrase god is dead was descended from a line of respected clergymen. Nietzsche completed his secondary education at the exacting boarding school of Pforta. A brilliant student, he received rigorous training in Latin, Greek, and German. In 1864 the young man entered the University of Bonn to study theology and classical philologyRead MoreExamining Contending Views on Human Nature: Mancius vs. Xunzi1872 Words   |  8 PagesExamining Contending Views on Human Nature: Mancius vs. Xunzi Throughout human intellectual history, mankind has debated the question: â€Å"are humans good by nature?† Do humans do good out of only self-centered motivations, or is there an internal built-in sense of morality? Today, we face this problem more than ever. For example, if a lawyer argues a killer’s intentions for committing heinous crimes originate from the fact that he has a tendency towards naturally incompetency, or if outside influencesRead MoreSpirituality and Substance Abuse Recovery Essay2818 Words   |  12 Pagespreconventional morality, conventional morality and postconventional morality. Within each level there are two stages, equaling six total stages a person may ascertain in development. As we grow cognitively, our moral thinking changes from a clear black and white moral ground to one that has shades of grey according to society and its views. (Feldman, 2011, p. 320-321) For instance, a child may see stealing as simply wrong and something that he or she should not do (preconventional morality). As developmentRead MoreAbortion Is The Question Of When Life Begins1793 Words   |  8 Pagesgestational limits set the number of weeks at which an abortion is no longer legal as the fetus would be viable outside of the womb. For most states in the US this is an average between twenty to twenty four weeks. Determined by the famous 1973 case of Roe vs. Wade, Justice Harry Blackmun concluded that the word â€Å"person† as used in the Fourteenth Amendment did not include the unborn, thus making abortion legal. 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If we simply consider the Dimensions of Culture in the United States alone, which range from Religion to our Ethical standards, it would be clear that there are many categories within each of those. Therefore, it is important to analyze each category in detail, in an attempt to determine exactly what it will take to do business in that country orRead MoreCRM 1301 Midterm uOttawa Carolyn Gordon Essay10218 Words   |  41 Pagesusers/drug laws a ‘witch hunt’: Opium Act of 1908 (stricter drug laws) Emily Murphy’s The Black Candle-This book created a moral panic in society. Video Notes: The Burning Times After the roman times, women’s continued traditions of the old religion and were leaders, counsellors, visionaries and healers (a.k.a. wise women). The Christian Church and state branded them witches and condemned them as worshippers of the Devil. Idea of witches date back to the Renaissance and the period in historyRead MoreOptimizing Millennials Communication Styles8016 Words   |  33 Pagesfurther that â€Å"millennial student response appears even further out of alignment with the global labor market reality by placing a significantly higher value on low workload and less importance on analytical and computational assignments† (p. 405). In light of these conclusions, the business educator’s challenge becomes that of devising strategies to help align millennials’ skills with the needs of today’s global marketplace and its culturally diverse organizations. As business educators, we must teachRead MoreDoes Cedaw Make World Better Place For Women? Essay7028 Words   |  29 Pagesnot to merely identify the unique traits of women. Additionally, women’s traits and characteristics should be celebrated and incorporated into the law. 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Causes And Effects Of Air Pollution Free Essays

When air gets polluted with dust, smoke, motor vehicles, mills and factories etc. is called air pollution. We know that air is an important element of our environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes And Effects Of Air Pollution or any similar topic only for you Order Now But it is a matter of great regret that it is being polluted day by day in different reasons. Causes of Air pollution: There are different kinds of reasons of air pollution. The causes of air pollution are described below. 1. Using poison in agriculture: In agricultural sectors, farmers often use insecticides, pesticides and fertilizers etc. These get mixed with air and causes air pollution. Besides, Ammonia is a very common by product from agriculture related activities and is one of the most hazardous gases in the atmosphere. âž ¢ Air Pollution-Paragraph 2. Burning of Fossil Fuels: Burning of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and other factory combustibles is one the major causes of air pollution. Smoke emitting from vehicles like buses, trucks, jeeps, cars, trains, airplanes etc. causes air pollution. 3. Industrial smoke: In mills and factories, large amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, organic compounds, and chemicals is emitted that causes air pollution. It is true that mills and factories can be found at every corner of the world that cause a huge amount of harmful gases that are the major causes of air pollution. 4. Indoor activities: Different kinds of household activities like cleaning products, washing, painting etc. emit different kinds of toxic chemicals in the air and cause air pollution. Effects of Air pollution: There are different kinds of negative and harmful effects of air pollution. The effects of air pollution are described below. 1. Global warming: Air pollution causes global warming in a great scale. With  increased temperatures world wide, increase in sea levels and melting of ice from colder regions and icebergs, displacement and loss of habitat have already signaled an impending disaster if actions for preservation and normalization aren’t undertaken soon. 2. Causes diseases: The effects of Air pollution are very harmful for health. It causes different kinds of respiratory diseases like heart attack, Cancer, bronchitis etc. Every year millions of people of all over the world die due to direct or indirect effects of air pollution. 3. Acid Rain: Acid raining is another effects of air pollution. Harmful gases like nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are released into the atmosphere during the burning of fossil fuels. When it rains, the water droplets combines with these air pollutants, becomes acidic and then falls on the ground in the form of acid rain. Acid rain can cause great damage to human, animals and crops. 4. Depletion of Ozone layer: Air pollution depletes Ozone layer. Ozone exists in earth’s stratosphere and is responsible for protecting humans from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. Earth’s ozone layer is depleting due to the presence of chlorofluorocarbons, hydro chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere. As ozone layer will go thin, it will emit harmful rays back on earth and can cause skin and eye related problems. UV rays also have the capability to affect crops. 5. Harms to the wild life: Air pollution harms the wilderness. Humans and animals face a lot of devastating effects due to air pollution. Toxic chemicals present in the air can force wildlife species to move to new place and change their habitat. The toxic pollutants deposit over the surface of the water and can also affect sea animals. 6. Depletion of Ozone layer: Air pollution depletes Ozone layer. Ozone exists in earth’s stratosphere and is responsible for protecting humans from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.  Earth’s ozone layer is depleting due to the presence of chlorofluorocarbons, hydro chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere. As ozone layer will go thin, it will emit harmful rays back on earth and can cause skin and eye related problems. UV rays also have the capability to affect crops. Conclusion: In the long run, it can be said that it is the right time to protect air pollution. To create a better place to live in for the human being and wilderness we have stop air pollution. How to cite Causes And Effects Of Air Pollution, Papers

Cyber Crime Ashley Madison

Question: Discuss about theCyber Crimefor Ashley Madison. Answer: Introduction A crime which is conducted with the help of a computer and a network is defined as a cyber crime. It is basically damage of any kind done to an individual or an organization purposely with a sole motive of causing harm both financially as well as mentally to the victims. As per a report sponsored by McAfee, the damage caused globally due to these cyber attacks are as much as $445 Billion whereas Microsoft claims that the damage is much more than the quoted figures. As per a recent research conducted by Juniper it is expected that the said loss may aggravate to 2.1 Trillion in three years time. The said report talks about the cyber crime that took place at Ashley Madison in the year 2015. The said company provides online dating service and social networking service for those in the crowd who are married or engaged or committed into a relationship. The said companys motto is simple Life is short, Have an affair. It was founded in the year 2002 but came to limelight a year ago when the said companys data got hacked and all the vital information with regards its customers got stolen such as their name, address, sexual fantasies and credit card details. The hackers were known as The Impact Team who circulated 40MB of confidential data that was stolen from Avid Life Media (ALM) a company that owns this website and other such services. They threatened the companys CEO to shut down the said website else they would leak al the confidential data. The report also discusses about how the said crime was dealt with by the company and what steps it took to safeguard its position in publi c[1]. Further to this it also mentions the loss the company had to face, financially, mentally as well as reputational. Argument and Analysis The Impact Team, as is called by the hackers to themselves were the ones who hacked the entire data base of Ashley Madison The leakage of the sensitive information in public had a great and irreversible impact on not only the company but also those whose data were released. As the name suggests, the attackers had a great impact on the personal lives of millions of people associated with the said website. The team had a dual motive to satisfy. Firstly the team had been condemning the very operation of the site to help fix up an extramarital affair between committed and married people. Secondly, is the business practice of Ashley Madison wherein it asks its customers to pay $19 if they want all the sensitive data to be erased from their data bank but as was revealed later all the information was not erased[2]. On July 15, 2015, the team made the attack official and threatened the company that if it did not close down Ashley Madison and Established Men, then it would publicise the data. The website has never verified the emails of those who created their profile and generally the users created fake mail ids Annalee Newitz found that only 12000 of the women accounts out of the 5.5 million registered with AM were used often. Further to this it was also discovered that most of the accounts of women were fake since they were created from the same IP address thus this shows that the companys security system was never too strong[3]. Further to this the hack proved that the company was cheating upon its members. Avid Life Media received $1.7 million every year from its members for deleting their accounts but the said hack revealed that the said was a fake as it ended up leaking data of those also who had paid money for deletion of their accounts. The said hack led to targeting members who were celebrities in various fields by planning to leak their data publicly and embarrass them . The biggest loophole from the companys point of view was the fact that it had extorted huge amounts from its members but did not deliver what it promised. This led to a reputational loss of the company but at the same time had impacted the personal lives of those who had paid to delete their data to the company as well. I feel it a matter of ethics here wherein the company has been performing unethically to rake in money wherein the member has not been granted the right to delete the account. Further to this such sites have led to breakage of trust on the networking business and hence many other companys who are genuine had to face the brunt as well[4]. Impact of The Cyber Crime The said crime had financial as well as psychological implications. Although the attackers had no financial gain intention behind such a big scandal. Ashley Madisons holding company, Avid Life Media ended up losing over a quarter of revenue as customers stopped registering themselves. The actual loss in value terms is yet to be revealed but the same would have been huge since the company has offered a prize money of $500000 (Canadian) to the person who would provide information with regards the hackers and help in their arrest. Apart from that the business firm is strangled into law suits worth $576 million by the users who had suffered due to the said hack[5]. Apart from the above mentioned financial losses, the attackers ruined the lives of many individuals. Trust was broken, relationships were smashed, reputational loss as well as some even lost their jobs due to the same. People who were exposed had to suffer extortion and blackmailing. The worst impact was suicides committed due to the said hack. It was always understood that cyber crimes which led to leakage of information would result in shutting down of the business, remediation as well as restitution but the outcomes of this case was even more devastating. This crime basically was an eye opener for those who had spent their hard earned money in such sites and also for those who would have probably thought of registering oneself in the near future[6]. The Impact Team in a way made the public realise that these sites should not be trusted in totality even if they are being paid a premium for deletion of sensitive information. Red Flags of the Ashley Madison Cyber Crime The said crime has widened the gap between an idealistic society and the reality. The capitalist ideology is all about meeting a person, trusting and falling in love with the person, getting married and planning a family and further nurturing them into a family. However it is all a myth rightly proven by the Impact Team. Secondly the concept of such a business idea and its success is all due to its popularity ad acceptability by the society as a whole, thus the company is alone not to be blamed for the same. Thirdly, this cyber crime has made people aware that their sensitive data should never be shared on trust as the company although had taken money for deletion of the account yet the same got hacked and caused devastating effects, some of which are irreplaceable such as a loss of life[7]. Action Taken By Avid Life Media (Alm) Five days after the first outburst of the crime, ALM had made an official announcement that it was an attempt made by an unauthorised individual who crept into their system illegally. The company is working upon the same with the law enforcement agencies so as to catch the criminals of the said attack. It also has said that the members can now delete their personal data on their own without any charge[8]. But unfortunately when after a months notice from the attackers the company did not shut down the two stated websites, the attackers released the information on the dark web. However ALM immediately gave an official statement that it working upon the said attack so as to counter attack the hackers. Further since there were loads of law suits filed but with hidden names[9], ALM requested the court to dismiss cases where the actual identity of the plaintiffs was hidden. Recommendations On analysing the details of the entire case it is understood that one should be very careful before being lured towards such websites as the business firms are encouraged to launch such business ideas due to the demand of the society. The company is alone not to be blamed and this case is a sheer case of mistrust and unethical move both by the company as well as the members. Respect and trust is what is most desirable in a society so as to nurture in a healthy manner. My recommendations are for both the members as well as such companies both. For the former my suggestion would be that cheating onto a relationship and then loosing on life is no fun and that life is precious and should be led with respect. Even if the same would not have been hacked but leaked through some other source even then the consequences would have to be faced by not only the victim but also the people related to that victim. From the companys point of view, my suggestion would be that launching such dating sit es is not illegal even though unethical but at the same time promising something false to the members is unethical. Further such companies should tighten their computer security and review the same frequently so as to be able to safeguard the members sensitive data[10]. The hackers have not done it for financial gain but they have done it to teach a lesson not only to the company but also the members who have posted a very clean image of the self to the world at large. Conclusion The said cyber attack though seems to be a criminal offence from the view point of Ashley Madison yet the same has ensured revelation of the fact that the companys policies and business practices are unethical in nature and needs a revisit. The Impact Teams leakage of data as affected the married or relationship status of its members so much that it even took many lives and resulted in many divorces as well. The said scandal impacted the lives of millions across the globe and not just a small group of individuals. The said crime is defined as the most expensive one of the decade since it lead to not only monetary losses but also losses of lives, relations and most importantly trust. The company even though proclaim of the fact that the said crime is still a criminal offence conducted by the hackers yet the same cannot be denied that the said attack has disclosed many unethical secrets of the business firm as well. It has made people understand no website is fully secured. The same ca me as a big shock to the society as well as many could see the gap between a capitalist society and the reality of the situation widen. People whose data or name was not leaked were also under the purview of questions since the world is seen loosing on the trust. Because of the same the innocent also got wrapped up in the arena of doubts by their spouses or better halves. References: Basu, E., Cybersecurity Lessons Learned From the Ashley Madison Hack, The Forbes, 26 October 2015, https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericbasu/2015/10/26/cybersecurity-lessons-learned-from-the-ashley-madison-hack/2/#68a7509b6890 , (accessed 25th October 2016) Callan, P., Ashley Madison hack: Costly end of the affair, [Website], 2015, https://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/24/opinions/callan-ashley-madison-hack/, (accessed 25th October 2016) Griffiths, J., One year after he Ashley Madison hack, members and their partners reveal the traumatic impact its had on their relationships , The Sun, 01 September 2016, https://fortune.com/2016/04/20/ashley-madison-data-breach-lawsuit-names/, (accessed 25th October 2016) Hackett, R., What to know about the Ashley Madison hack, Fortune, 26 August 2015, https://fortune.com/2015/08/26/ashley-madison-hack/ (accessed 25th October 2016) Lamont, T., Life after the Ashley Madison affair , The Guardian, 28 February 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/feb/28/what-happened-after-ashley-madison-was-hacked, (accessed 25th October 2016) Mason, J and A. Sharp, Hackers Ashley Madison data dump threatens marriages, reputations, [Website], 2015, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ashleymadison-cybersecurity-idUSKCN0QN2BN20150819, (accessed 25th October 2016) Newton, C., The mind-blending messiness of the Ashley Madison data dump, The Verge, 19 August 2015, https://www.theverge.com/2015/8/19/9178855/ashley-madison-data-breach-implications, (accessed 25th October 2016) Rosenthal, B., The Ashley Madison Hack One year Later, [Website], 2016, https://logicaloperations.com/insights/blog/2016/07/20/405/the-ashley-madison-hack-one-year-later/, (accessed 25th October 2016) Ward, M., Ashley Madison : Who are the hackers behind the attack? BBC News, 20 August 2015, https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-34002053 (accessed 25th October 2016) Yadron, D., Hackers Target Users of Infidelity Website Ashley Madison The Wall Street Journal 2015, https://www.wsj.com/articles/affair-website-ashley-madison-hacked-1437402152, (accessed 25th October 2016)

Fortino Tafoya Essays (759 words) - Education, Psychology

Fortino Tafoya EDUC-113 Garcia 5-12-18 "How to Motivate Learning: Alternatives to Rewards" Reflection Educators have a responsibility to students that is separate from simply creating a space where they are comfortable and happy. As educators, we have a responsibility to challenge, hold accountable, pay attention to, modify, and adapt for our students. That is not to say we should shy away from our other responsibility, the responsibility to care for and foster our students. Dr. Richard Curwin understands these responsibilities with the professional clarity that only comes from a teacher who cares for his students learning and has been caring about their learning over their total comfort for a long time. His blog post, "How to Motivate Learning: Alternatives to Rewards" he details briefly his reasons for not using rewards or incentive-based learning in his classroom, then goes on to offer three alternatives to using rewards that are honest, caring and put learning and challenging students first, rather than using a reward or treat to get them to perform. Reading Curwin's article made me think about Pavlovian methods of behavior modification and why we use rewards in the first place. In fact, he frames his three suggestions as the necessary result of telling teachers to take away rewards in his other article, "Why Giving Bonus Money to Better Teachers Is Wrong." If you are going to take something away you must replace it with something, this is basic behavior modification strategy that he is using on his readers. But it also illustrates the way that reward systems and behavior modification can be boring and feel routine. In our EDUC-113 class, professor Garcia has gone over the use of rewards and incentives in our classrooms and one of the biggest takeaways I received was the idea to use the rules themselves as an incentive. Allowing students to create their own policies and rules if they can display proper behavior seems like a brilliant idea to me and one that can "show appreciation," "introduce an appropriate challenge" and "show genuine care", these are all three of Curwin's suggestions being used together combining an incentive with a rule - genius! I see myself using this strategy and reward in my own classrooms in the future. It is my goal to work with my junior high or high school students on understanding each other: my expectations, their own capacity for self-control and responsibility to let them create their own class rules and procedures for things like walking into class, talking during class, taking turns, how to form groups, etc. Other than this incentive and structured extra credit opportunities, I do not plan on using many incentives in my classroom. One key point in Curwin's article is when he mentions showing appreciation as an alternative to rewards, which use manipulation. I latched on to this when I remembered an example I had while substitute teaching in an 8th grade English class. A student was doing more talking than working and we had a collaborative assignment where students read stories and shared the story they read with a group then they all reflected in writing on the stories. This student hardly wrote anything on the page. I could have offered a reward if the student would finish but instead I noticed the boys perfect handwriting. I asked the student where he was at in the assignment then complimented him on his amazingly neat and clear handwriting. He was taken back a bit but then he said thank you, no one had ever complimented his hand writing before. This student was also a disabled student whose other hand did not have any fingers. I felt that this bit of appreciation was more powerful than an extra 5 minute s of lunch or a treat, because the student was smiling, felt proud and then almost completed the assignment. Small examples like this are way that show the huge power of appreciation over a reward. That student and I also made a connection as I was the first person to notice and compliment something about them. I truly believe Curwin's main point, that teacher's have a deeper responsibility to students is expressed in his desire to connect with and understand his students. The use of appreciation, analyzing

The Crucibles Relevance to todays Society Essay Example

The Crucibles Relevance to todays Society Essay Example The Crucibles Relevance to todays Society Paper The Crucibles Relevance to todays Society Paper Another example of how the themes of The Crucible relate to modern affairs is what has happened in Kosovo in the past few years. The Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic. He had Albanians in Kosovo sent out of the country or killed. This is called ethnic cleansing. As the Albanians were the odd one out they were hunted down and killed. This is another example of how three hundred years on we have evolved very little when it comes to looking at peoples differences. The events of The Crucible do not just have themes that relate to worldwide affairs, they also have a meaning for things happening in the local area. For instance when something is stolen from someone everyone jumps to conclusions and looks for the odd person out and then assumes its them. Then the person is under some much pressure and just cant take it any more and confess. This is true in the Crucible when John goes to Danforth and tells him why Abagail is calling Witchcraft on his wife. He tells the court that he and Abagail had an affair saying, I have known her. Unfortunately Johns wife lies thinking she is protecting John by saying this is not true when asked by Danforth To your Knowledge, has John Proctor ever committed the crime of Lechery? Answer my question! Is your husband a lecher? To which Elizabeth Proctor replies No sir. Then after Mary turns on him and under the pressure he says he says, God is dead which for a puritan society is admitting to witchcraft. The play is so well known that quotes from it are used in TV shows. For instance when there is a witch-hunt for a leek in The West Wing one of the interviewees says (jokingly) I saw Elizabeth Proctor with the devil. So even though The Crucible is about 50 years old quotes are still used from it. It is quite easy to see why the play is in production every week somewhere in the world. Even though Arthur Miller has set the play more than 300 years ago the themes are still relevant today, as I have shown. Even in our supposedly civilised society when someone2 commits a crime we jump through hoops trying to pin the blame on someone else and we are not to picky on who. This I have demonstrated in talking about recent events in America. So are we really all that civilised when we still look for the odd one out and put the blame on them like we did three hundred years ago?

British Imperialists' Motives in Scramble for Africa Essay

British Imperialists' Motives in Scramble for Africa - Essay Example Nevertheless, imperialism is a many-faceted phenomenon; which had political, economic and social roots. Indeed, Socialist and Marxist critics narrowed its definition down and applied the term to a certain stage of capitalist societies when discussing social and and economic conditions (p.2).Thus, any attempt to give an account on the British imperialism must highlight the underlying political, social and economic motives. As Robinson and Gallagher (1961, pp. 19) stated â€Å"a first task in analysing the late-Victorians’ share in the partition [of Africa] is to understand the motives of the ministers who directed it, and the study of official thinking is indispensable to this†. The aim of this paper is to scrutinize British Imperialists' motives in scramble for Africa in three respects: political, economic and social. The Scramble for Africa begun in the last quarter of the 18th century and lasted until the WWI. While the decline of the Ottoman influence created a power vacuum in the region, the colonial powers of Europe, following the lead of the British imperialists, have begun to fill that void. In Africa and The Victorians, Robinson and Gallagher examined the relationship between the partition of Africa and British decision-making process. According to them, the Victorians' political relations with Africa changed radically after 1882. Lord Salisbury stated that: â€Å"I do not exactly know the cause of this sudden revolution. But there it is† (Quoted by Robinson and Gallagher, 1961, pp. 17). Late-Victorians were more eager to dominate Africa than their predecessors and the British forces invaded Egypt in 1882. The collapse of weak African governments may also have played role in the partition. In fact, British divide and rule policy was also an important factor in the national unrest and disorder in Africa. However, Robinson and Gallagher focused on the British policy-making as the underlying political factor. In fact, according to them , as also indicated by Schumpeter, â€Å"The possibility of official thinking in itself was a cause of late-Victorian imperialism† (pp. 21). Indeed, England had a long tradition of imperial rule and the that policy tradition inherited from Pitt and Channing to Palmerston and Clarendon (p.22). They also highlight ed (pp.22-23) policy makers' ignorance of Africa, as the partition was made â€Å"at house parties† without any public interest or participation. In fact, the interests, and thus motives, of policy makers were different in each country. In Egypt, it was due to the collapse of the Kedive regime. In east and west Africa, British interests were related to the Egyptian occupation. In Southern Africa, â€Å"imeperial intervention against the Transvaal was designed above all to uphold and restore the imperial influence which economic growth, Africaner nationalism and the Jameson fiasco had overthrown† (pp. 463). In Rhodesias and Nyasaland, the motives were mer ged with imperial aims in Cape colonial expansion and balance the rise of the Transvaal (pp. 463). However, Robinson and Gallagher stressed that commercial or financial concerns were rather inconsequential in ministers' decision on which territories should be occupied (pp. 463). For Robinson and Gallagher, ministers' private calculations played the most important part in decision-making process and again for different reasons. However, the security concerns seem to have prevailed. In Rhodesia, it was the safety of the routes to the East, in Southern Africa it was the preservation of the colonial rule, while the safety of the routes to India was the prominent imperative (pp. 464). In fact, Robinson and Gallagher (1961, pp. 464) noted that â€Å"